Which process allows cells to specialize for specific functions?

Cell differentiation is the process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type. This is crucial during the development of multicellular organisms, as it allows cells to take on unique structures and functions tailored to their specific roles in the body. For example, stem cells can differentiate into various cell types such as muscle cells, nerve cells, or blood cells, each with distinct functions essential for the organism's survival and effective functioning.

Cell differentiation involves a complex interplay of genetic expression and environmental factors that guide a cell to develop particular characteristics and capabilities. This specialization is fundamental for the proper operation of tissues and organs, allowing them to perform their designated tasks efficiently.

In contrast, while cell mitosis, cell division, and cell respiration are significant processes in cellular biology, they do not directly lead to the specialization of cells for specific functions. Mitosis refers to the process of cell division leading to two identical cells, while cell division in general is a broader term that encompasses both mitosis and meiosis. Cell respiration pertains to the metabolic process by which cells convert nutrients into energy, but again, it does not relate to how cells specialize.